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The National Science Foundation was created by Congress "to promote the progress of science; to advance the national health, prosperity, and welfare; to secure the national defense; and for other purposes."
The NSF funds ~11,000 awards each year and is responsible for ~24% of the federally-funded basic research conducted by America's universities.
The NSF's public access plan requires investigators receiving NSF funding to deposit "either the version of record or the final accepted peer-reviewed manuscript in peer-reviewed scholarly journals and papers in juried conference proceedings or transactions" in a public access compliant repository designated by NSF.
These requirements apply to publications resulting from awards based on proposals submitted, or due, on or after January 25, 2016.
The policy from the NSF applies to awards resulting from proposals submitted, or due, on or after January 25, 2016.
The PI/co-PI can deposit peer-reviewed publications in the NSF Public Access Repository (NSF-PAR) by logging in to Research.gov.
To deposit the publication, the PI/co-PI will need:
Please see these resources for additional details:
"NSF-funded authors will be required to upload a copy of their journal articles or juried conference paper to the DOE PAGES repository in the PDF/A format, an open, non-proprietary standard (ISO 19005-1:2005). Either the final accepted version or the version of record may be submitted."
The time before an article will be freely available to the public is typically called the embargo period.
For the NSF, the maximum embargo period will be 12 months after initial publication.
For final accepted peer-reviewed manuscripts of journal articles or juried conference papers, the NSF uses the NSF Public Access Repository (NSF-PAR).